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<title>侧切、撕裂能避免吗?</title>
<!-- 孕期专题 · 待产准备 · 侧切(首页「其他妈妈也在搜」按孕周分段新增,2026-11-02)
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<script>window.TOPIC = {
"slug": "cheqie",
"q": "侧切、撕裂能避免吗?",
"eyebrow": "待产准备 · 侧切",
"title": [
"侧切、撕裂",
"\n",
"能避免",
"吗?"
],
"sub": "一张卡看懂:什么时候切、怎么少撕、怎么恢复",
"answer": "侧切现在<em>不常规做<\/em>,需要时才切;撕裂不能保证避免,但<em>多数是轻度<\/em>,缝好后恢复得快。",
"three": [
{
"b": "不常规侧切",
"s": "指南只推荐有需要时才切"
},
{
"b": "撕裂多是一二度",
"s": "严重撕裂少见,医生会仔细修复"
},
{
"b": "你能做的",
"s": "会阴按摩、控体重、听指挥用力"
}
],
"sections": [
{
"type": "cards",
"title": "撕裂分四度",
"en": "DEGREES",
"key": "越往后越少见,一二度最常见。",
"tint": true,
"items": [
{
"name": "一度",
"verdict": "最轻",
"must": false,
"label": "伤到",
"amt": "皮肤",
"unit": "黏膜",
"when": "可能不缝或缝几针"
},
{
"name": "二度",
"verdict": "常见",
"must": false,
"label": "伤到",
"amt": "肌肉",
"unit": "",
"when": "缝合后多在 1~2 周好转"
},
{
"name": "三度",
"verdict": "少见",
"must": false,
"label": "伤到",
"amt": "括约肌",
"unit": "",
"when": "要仔细修复,产后随访"
},
{
"name": "四度",
"verdict": "很少",
"must": false,
"label": "伤到",
"amt": "直肠",
"unit": "",
"when": "需专门修复和随访"
}
],
"why": {
"q": "切一刀和自己撕,哪个好?",
"a": "以前常规侧切,是以为能防止严重撕裂。后来研究发现常规切开并不能减少严重撕裂,伤口反而更大,所以现在指南不推荐常规做,只在需要时切。"
}
},
{
"type": "list",
"title": "医生可能侧切的情况",
"en": "WHEN NEEDED",
"key": "都是为了让宝宝更快、更安全地出来。",
"tint": false,
"items": [
{
"tag": "常见",
"tone": "warn",
"b": "宝宝缺氧,要尽快娩出",
"s": "胎心不好时缩短最后一段"
},
{
"tag": "常见",
"tone": "warn",
"b": "产钳或胎吸助产",
"s": "需要更大的空间"
},
{
"tag": "看情况",
"tone": "ok",
"b": "会阴紧、水肿",
"s": "评估可能严重撕裂时"
},
{
"tag": "看情况",
"tone": "ok",
"b": "宝宝偏大或肩难产",
"s": "由助产人员现场判断"
}
]
},
{
"type": "steps",
"title": "减少撕裂,能做的事",
"en": "WHAT HELPS",
"key": "不能保证不撕,但能降低概率和程度。",
"tint": true,
"items": [
{
"b": "孕 34~35 周后会阴按摩",
"s": "先问医生;有前置胎盘、阴道感染、早产风险的不做"
},
{
"b": "控制体重,宝宝别太大",
"s": "体重增长在推荐范围内"
},
{
"b": "学会呼吸和用力",
"s": "胎头快出来时听助产士指挥,哈气、不要猛用力"
},
{
"b": "问问医院能否热敷",
"s": "第二产程热敷会阴,有研究显示能减少重度撕裂"
},
{
"b": "选合适的体位",
"s": "侧卧等体位按医院条件和助产士建议"
}
]
},
{
"type": "timeline",
"title": "伤口怎么恢复",
"en": "RECOVERY",
"key": "多数人一两周明显好转,42 天复查。",
"tint": false,
"cols": [
"1~3天",
"1周",
"2~6周",
"产后42天"
],
"rows": [
{
"name": "伤口",
"bars": [
{
"t": "最疼",
"span": 1,
"cls": ""
},
{
"t": "渐好转",
"span": 1,
"cls": "lt"
},
{
"t": "基本愈合",
"span": 1,
"cls": "lt"
},
{
"t": "复查",
"span": 1,
"cls": ""
}
]
},
{
"name": "护理",
"bars": [
{
"t": "冰敷",
"span": 1,
"cls": ""
},
{
"t": "便后冲洗、勤换护垫",
"span": 2,
"cls": "lt"
},
{
"t": "盆底评估",
"span": 1,
"cls": ""
}
]
},
{
"name": "练习",
"bars": [
{
"t": "先休息",
"span": 1,
"cls": "lt"
},
{
"t": "轻柔缩肛练习",
"span": 2,
"cls": "lt"
},
{
"t": "盆底康复",
"span": 1,
"cls": "dash"
}
]
}
],
"legend": [
[
"",
"重点"
],
[
"lt",
"日常"
],
[
"dash",
"听医生"
]
]
},
{
"type": "doc",
"title": "这些情况马上找医生",
"en": "SEE A DOCTOR",
"key": "伤口越来越疼不正常。",
"tint": true,
"b": "产后伤口出现这些,及时就医",
"s": "别硬扛,早处理恢复更好。",
"tags": [
"越来越疼",
"红肿流脓",
"伤口裂开",
"发烧",
"大便控制不住",
"排气控制不住",
"恶露有臭味"
]
}
],
"tools": {
"title": "用得上的工具",
"items": [
{
"id": "yunqitizhong",
"why": "体重长得合适,宝宝不容易过大",
"btn": "去记"
},
{
"id": "daichanqingdan",
"why": "产褥垫、冲洗瓶提前备好",
"btn": "去备"
}
]
},
"sources": [
"中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组《正常分娩指南(2020)》:不推荐常规会阴切开,应在有指征时实施(限制性会阴切开)",
"人民卫生出版社《妇产科学》(第 9 版):会阴裂伤分为四度;会阴切开指征包括会阴过紧或胎儿过大估计裂伤不可避免、母儿有病理情况需结束分娩等",
"Cochrane 系统评价(国外):孕 35 周起产前会阴按摩可降低初产妇会阴切开及需缝合的会阴损伤;第二产程会阴热敷可降低三四度裂伤",
"WHO(世界卫生组织,国外)《产时保健建议:积极的分娩体验》(2018):不推荐常规或随意使用会阴切开术"
],
"heroAlt": "孕晚期妈妈在瑜伽垫上练习呼吸,助产士在旁边温柔指导",
"color": [
"#109C9C",
"16,156,156",
"#E5F6F6"
]
};</script>
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